|
Types of citations listed on this page:
- Book with one author
- Book with two authors
- Book with more than two authors
- Book with an editor
- Essay in a book of essays by the same author
- Essay written by one person in a book written/edited by another
- Encyclopedia article with author's name
- Encyclopedia article without author's name
- Article from a monthly periodical
- Article from a weekly periodical
- Newspaper article with author's name
- Newspaper article without author's name
- WWW (World Wide Web)
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- CD-Rom publication
- Sample Bibliography
Book with one author
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Jastrow, Robert. Journey to the Stars: Space Exploration. New York: Bantam, 1989.
TOP OF PAGE
Book with two authors
Here's what you need:
1. In alphabetical order: last name, first name of first author, and first and last name of second author
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Chapman, Clark, and David Morris. Cosmic Catastrophes.New York: Plenum, 1989.
TOP OF PAGE
Book with more than two authors
Here's what you need:
1. In alphabetical order: Author's last and first name and then the abbreviation et al.
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Wright, Helen, et al. The Legacy of George Ellery Hale. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988.
TOP OF PAGE
Book with an editor
Here's what you need:
1. Editor's last and first name and then the abbreviation ed.
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Franklin, Morton S., ed. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, D.C.: Prentice Hall, 1989.
TOP OF PAGE
Essay in a book of essays by the same author
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of essay
3. Title of book
4. City of publication
5. Name of publisher
6. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Howse, Derek. "Navigation and Astronomy in the Voyages." Background to Discovery. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
TOP OF PAGE
Essay written by one person in a book written/edited by another
Here's what you need:
1. Essay author's last and first name
2. Title of essay
3. Title of book
4. Editor of book's first and last name with Ed. in front of it
5. City of publication
6. Name of publisher
7. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Smith, H.J. "Understanding the Universe." Cosmic Perspectives. Ed. S.K. Biswas. New York: Cambridge United Press, 1989.
TOP OF PAGE
Encyclopedia article with author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of article
3. Title of encyclopedia
4. Edition year with ed. after it
Here's what it looks like:
Gates, David M. "Astronomy." Encyclopedia Americana. 1991 ed.
TOP OF PAGE
Encyclopedia article without author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Title of article
2. Title of encyclopedia
3. Edition year with ed. after it
Here's what it looks like:
"Cosmology." World Book Encyclopedia. 1989 ed.
TOP OF PAGE
Article from a monthly periodical
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of article
3. Name of periodical
4. Month and year of publication
5. Page numbers of article
Here's what it looks like:
Mara, Stephen P. "Stalking the Extra Solar Planet." Natural History May 1989: 70-3.
TOP OF PAGE
Article from a weekly periodical
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of article
3. Name of periodical
4. Day, month and year of publication
5. Page numbers of article
Here's what it looks like:
Roy, Archie. "Star Fields." New Scientist 22 April 1989: 73-6.
TOP OF PAGE
Newspaper article with author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of article (or headline)
3. Name of newspaper
4. Day, month and year of publication
5. Section number or letter
6. Page number of article
Here's what it looks like:
Browne, Malcolm. "Astronomical Mystery." Los Angeles Times 9 April 1991, sec. II, 5.
TOP OF PAGE
Newspaper article without author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Title of article (or headline)
2. Name of newspaper
3. Day, month and year of publication
4. Section number or letter
5. Page number of article
Here's what it looks like:
"Bright Orange Fireball in Night Sky." New York Times 7 March 1991, sec. A, 20.
TOP OF PAGE
(WWW) World Wide Web
Here's what you need:
1. Last and first name of author (if available)
2. Title of article
3. Title of document or site name
4. Date of publication or latest update
5. URL of the source
6. The date you visited the site
Here's what it looks like:
Lancashire, Ian. "Interview with Rob Steiner." Ian's Home Page.
1 May 1997. <http://www.chass.utoronto.index.html>. 6 June 1998.
TOP OF PAGE
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) document
Here's what you need:
1. Last and first name of author (if available)
2. Title of article
3. Date of publication
4. Address and path of the ftp site
5. The date you visited the site
Here's what it looks like:
Bruckman, Amy. "Approaches to Managing Virtual Communities." April 1994. <ftp://ftp.media.mit.edu/pub/asb/papers/virtual-chi94.txt.>. 4 Dec. 1994.
CD-ROM publication
Here's what you need:
1. Last and first name of author
2. Title of article
3. Title of publication
4. Any version or edition numbers
5. Name of the series (if available)
6. City of publication (if available)
7. Name of publisher
8. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Zieger, Herman E. "Aldehyde." The Software Toolwork Multimedia Encyclopedia. Vers. 1.5. Software Toolworks. Boston: Grolier, 1992.
|
Things to notice:
 The dictionary defines "cite" this way: "to mention as support, illustration or proof." A bibliography is a list of "citations." It shows what you read that gave support in your research.
Be sure to alphabetize your bibliography page by author's last name or the first word of the title if the author's name is not available.
Titles of books, encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines and movies are always underlined.
You can't see it on this web page, but whenever an entry runs for more than one line, you need to indent the second line five spaces. This is called a "hanging indent."
Always put a comma between the author's last and first name and a period after the whole author entry.
In this example, "ed" is the abbreviation for "editor."
Did you notice the comma separating the name of the publisher and the copyright date?
Did you see that there's a period after the title of books and articles? Where else are periods located?
There's a colon ":" after the city of publication.
In this entry, the name of the author of the essay comes before the name of the author/editor of the book.
Titles of essays, articles, short stories, songs and poems always have quotation marks around them.
Did you guess that here "ed" is an abbreviation for "edition"?
"Periodical" is another word for "magazine."
Did you see the way the period goes inside the quotation marks surrounding the title of the article?
There are no punctuation marks separating the name of the periodical, the day, month and year.
Look at how a roman numeral is used for the section number.
I'm sure you were aware that "sec" stands for "section."
Some style guides say that you should put the URL in angle brackets.
Please note: The people in charge of deciding how to write a reference citation have not really figured this WWW stuff out yet. Five different people will show you five different styles. They're still learning and developing when it comes to the Internet!
Did you catch the period after the last angle bracket?
Wow! That's a lot of stuff!
Did you memorize all that? Of course not! When you need to write your bibliography, come on back here and see how it's done.
Remember to bookmark this page.
|
